General Operations

General operations are reusable building blocks for calculations, comparisons, logic, arrays, dates, text, and statistical reductions. They can be used directly on values or inside cube operations such as apply, apply_dimension, and reduce_dimension.

NoteBackend support overview

The buttons above filter processes supported by the tracked backends. Availability can differ between backends, so check the connected backend before using a process in a workflow.

Mathematical operations

absolute

Returns the absolute value of a number.

Python

result = openeo.processes.absolute(x=-5)

R

result <- absolute(x = -5)

JavaScript

const result = builder.absolute({ x: -5 });

sgn

Returns the signum of a number: 1 if it is positive, -1 if it is negative, and 0 if it is zero.

Python

result = openeo.processes.sgn(x=-2)

R

result <- sgn(x = -2)

JavaScript

const result = builder.sgn({ x: -2 });

Trigonometric functions

The arccos, arcosh, arcsin, arctan, arctan2, arsinh, artanh, cos, cosh, sin, sinh, tan, and tanh processes calculate trigonometric and inverse trigonometric values. Angles are expressed in radians.

Rounding

The ceil, floor, int, and round processes convert or round numerical values with different rounding rules and precision options.

Arithmetic

The add, divide, mod, multiply, and subtract processes perform basic arithmetic on numerical values.

Python

result = openeo.processes.add(x=2, y=3)

R

result <- add(x = 2, y = 3)

JavaScript

const result = builder.add({ x: 2, y: 3 });

Constants and exponentials

The e and pi processes provide mathematical constants. The exp, ln, log, and power processes perform exponential and logarithmic calculations.

Ranges and roots

The clip process limits a value to a range, while sqrt calculates its square root.

Special numerical values

The is_nan and is_infinite processes test whether a value is NaN or an infinite number.

Comparisons and logic

Comparisons

The between, date_between, eq, neq, gt, gte, lt, and lte processes compare values or test whether values fall within a range.

Python

result = openeo.processes.between(x=5, min=0, max=10)

R

result <- between(x = 5, min = 0, max = 10)

JavaScript

const result = builder.between({ x: 5, min: 0, max: 10 });

Boolean logic

The and, any, all, not, or, xor, and if processes combine conditions or select values conditionally.

Python

result = openeo.processes.if_(value=True, accept="yes", reject="no")

R

result <- if_(value = TRUE, accept = "yes", reject = "no")

JavaScript

const result = builder.if({ value: true, accept: "yes", reject: "no" });

Validity checks

The is_valid and is_nodata processes inspect values and no-data status.

Arrays and reducers

Create and modify arrays

The array_append, array_concat, array_create, array_create_labeled, and array_modify processes create arrays or change their elements and labels.

Python

result = openeo.processes.array_append(data=[1, 2], value=3)

R

result <- array_append(data = c(1, 2), value = 3)

JavaScript

const result = builder.arrayAppend({ data: [1, 2], value: 3 });

Inspect arrays

The array_contains, array_element, array_find, array_find_label, and array_labels processes find values, labels, indices, or metadata in arrays.

Transform arrays

The array_apply, array_filter, and array_interpolate_linear processes transform or filter array elements and fill internal gaps by linear interpolation.

Statistical reducers

The count, extrema, first, last, max, mean, median, min, product, quantiles, sd, sum, and variance processes reduce arrays of values to statistical summaries.

Python

result = openeo.processes.mean(data=[1, 2, 3])

R

result <- mean(data = c(1, 2, 3))

JavaScript

const result = builder.mean({ data: [1, 2, 3] });

Ordering and cumulative operations

The cummax, cummin, cumproduct, and cumsum processes calculate cumulative results. The order, rearrange, and sort processes order array values or rearrange them using a permutation.

Dates and text

Date and time calculations

The date_difference process calculates the difference between two temporal values. The date_shift process shifts a date or time by a specified amount.

Python

result = openeo.processes.date_shift(date="2024-01-01", value=1, unit="month")

R

result <- date_shift(date = "2024-01-01", value = 1, unit = "month")

JavaScript

const result = builder.dateShift({ date: "2024-01-01", value: 1, unit: "month" });

Text operations

The text_begins, text_concat, text_contains, text_ends, and text_find processes inspect and combine text values.

Python

result = openeo.processes.text_contains(data="openEO documentation", pattern="EO")

R

result <- text_contains(data = "openEO documentation", pattern = "EO")

JavaScript

const result = builder.textContains({ data: "openEO documentation", pattern: "EO" });

Special constants

The nan process creates a NaN value, while constant defines a value that can be reused in a process graph.

Extended and backend-specific operations

The following processes are advertised by one or more tracked backends. They are included here so that the complete backend process inventory is represented in the cube-operations documentation. Their exact parameters and behavior are backend-specific; consult the backend process endpoint before using them.

Extended numerical operations

The bit, bitwise_and, bitwise_not, bitwise_or, and bitwise_xor processes perform bit-level operations. The cast, convert_data_type, divide_floor, max_binary, min_binary, and scale processes provide backend-specific type conversion, arithmetic, and scaling operations.

Population statistics

The sd_pop and variance_pop processes calculate population standard deviation and population variance.

Tip

For complete parameter definitions, data types, examples, and errors, consult the openEO process reference.